PG Preparation

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    Foramina



     
    F. Caecum  The foramen anterior to the Crista Galli in the base of the Skull.
    F. Caecum  Located at the junction of Ant 2/3 rds and Post 1/3 rd of tongue (in midline)
    Epiploic Foramen Communication between Greater and lesser sacs of peritoneal cavity.
    F of Langer A foramen in the axillary fascia through which the Axillary tail of Spence ( Part of Breast) passes through
    F of Monro (Interventricular F) Opening of lateral ventricles into III ventricle.
    F of Magendie Median aperture in the Roof of fourth Ventricle.
    F of Luschka Openings of the Lateral recesses of fourth Ventricle.
    F of Scarpa Incisor Foramen in the mouth.
    F of Vesalii Transmits veins communicating between the Cavernous sinus to Pterygoid Plexus
    F.Ovale  Transmits Mandibular Nerve and Accessory Meningeal nerve
    F. Rotundum Transmits Maxillary Nerve
    F. Spinosum  Transmits Middle Meningeal Nerve
    Stylomastoid Foramen Transmits Facial Nerve
    Jugular Foramen Transmits 1. Sigmoid Sinus 2. Inferior Petrosal Sinus 3. 9th, 10th, 11th cranial Nerves 4. Int. jugular vein
    F. Transversarium of 6th Cervical Vertebra Transmits Vertebral Artery 

     
     

    Pressures


     
    Superior Venacava 0- 6
    Rt. Atrium 0-6
    Right Ventricle 25/ 0- 6
    Pulmonary Artery 25/ 10
    Left Atrium 6- 10
    Left Ventricle 80- 120/ 5- 10
    Systemic Arterial  80- 120/ 60- 85
    Pulmonary Arterialwedge Pressure  Is indirect left Atrial Pr.
    Jugular venous Pr Not more than 2- 3 Cm
    Central Venous Pr. 
    1. With Louis angle as reference Point 
    2. With midaxillary Point as zero

    0-2 Cm Low
    More than 10 is High
    0-5 cm low 
    More than 15 is High

    Partial pressure of O2 (PO2) is 11-13 Kpa ( 83- 98 mm Hg) of arterial Blood
    Partial Pressure of CO2 (PCO2) is  4.8-6 KPa ( 36- 46 mm Hg) of Venous Blood
    Pressure of CSF In lumbar Space in Lateral position is 50-150 mm of CSF
    Portal venous Pressure ( Normal) 8- 12 mm Hg
    Intra- Ocular pressure ( Normal) 
    1. Hepatic A 
    2. Hepatic Sinusoids 
    3. Hepatic Vein 
    4. IVC
    15- 20 mm Hg

    100- 150 mm of Hg
    2- 6 mm of Hg
    1- 4 mm of Hg
    0-2 mm of Hg


 



 

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