PG Preparation

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Heart Sounds


Loud First heart Sound
Mitral Stenosis
Short P- R Interval
Hyperdynamic Circulatory States like those given below
Exercise
Anaemia
Fever
Thyrotoxicosis
Paget’s disease
Pregnancy

Soft first heart sound
Mitral Regurgitation
Long P- R Interval
Myocarditis
Myocardial Infarction
Severe Aortic Regurgitation
Left Bundle Branch Block
Obesity
Emphysema
Pericardial Effusion

Abnormalities in Splitting of Second heart Sound


Wide mobile Split
Right Bundle Branch Block
Pulmonary Stenosis
Pulmonary Embolism
Ventricular Septal Defect
Mitral Regurgitation
Idiopathic dilatation of pulmonary artery

Wide fixed split
Atrial Septal Defect
Severe Right sided Heart failure

Reversed split( paradoxical split)
Left Bundle Branch Block
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Ischemic Heart disesase
Severe aortic stenosis
Patent ductus arteriosus
Wolf- Parkinson- white syndrome ( type B)

Single second heart sound
Severe AS ( absent or markedly attentuated A2)
Severe PS ( absent or markedly attentuated P2)
Tetralogy of Fallot