PG Preparation

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    E.N.T 

     


    General  
    External Auditory meatus
    Cartilage ------outer 1/3rd
    Bone ------- Inner 2/3rds    		 Length 24 mm
    8 mm
    16 mm
    2. Eustachian tube  Length 36 mm
    Cartilage -----inner 2/3  24 mm
    Bone -----Outer 1/3 12 mm
    3. Vocal Chords
    Membraneous
    Cartilaginous     		 Length 17- 21 mm
    Anterior 2/3
    Posterior 1/3
    4. Speech range
    Hearing discomfort    		 500- 2000 Hz
    90- 105 db
    5. Normally One can hear from 18 ft
    6. Rinne’s Positive Is Normal
    7. Rinne’s negative  Conductive hearing loss greater than 15- 20 db
    8. Weber’s test Detects hearing loss of 5 db. More sensitive for conductive deafness.
    9. Secretory Otitis Media Conductive deafness of 30- 40 db

     

    Causative Agents of ENT Diseases.
     
    1. External otitis in tropical countries  Pseudomonas
    2. Malignant external otitis  Pseudomonas, 
    3. Furuncle Staphylococcus
    4. Perichondritis of auricle Pseudomonas
    6. Otomycosis Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans
    7. Lupus of larynx Tuberculosis 

    X- rays in E.N.T Best View
     
    Occipitomental Maxillary Sinus, PNS
    Frontal Frontal and Ethmoidal
    Oblique Ethmoidal
    Submento Vertical Sphenoid
    Tilted film To confirm fluid
    Stenver’s or Towne’s view Petrous cells

     
     
    Tympanic Membrane Colour
    1. In Otosclerosis Flamingo pink 
    2. Blood in middle ear Blue
    3. Glue ear Yellow

     
     
    Tracheostomy Tubes  
    Durham’s tube Any size of the neck
    Radcliff For thick neck, no inner tubes
    Portex Non- irritant , no inner tube
    Jackson Silver Outer and inner tubes present
    Rees-pracy Valved, expired air goes through normal pathway

     
     
    Most Common neck masses  
    Skin Sebaceous cyst
    In general practice Lymph nodes
    In general hospital Thyroid
    Congenital—lateral Branchial cyst
    Midline below Hyoid Thyroglossal cyst
    Less common Cystic hygroma

     
     
    Stridor
    1. Stridor occurs when there is obstruction to lower respiratory tract
    2. Inspiratory stridor is due to laryngeal obstruction.
    3. Expiratory stridor ( wheeze) is due to bronchial obstruction. 
    4. Stridor of both could be due to abnormal blood vessel from aorta pressing on airways. 


 


 

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